Table 2 Results of factors associated with social isolation or reclusion and depressive symptoms
Variables | Depressive Symptoms | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
Male | Female | |||
OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | |
Social isolation or withdrawal | ||||
 Isolation (only) | 2.06 | (1.38-3.08) | 2.95 | (2.06-4.25) |
 Withdrawal (only) | 1.04 | (0.46-2.37) | 0.92 | (0.46-1.83) |
 Isolation and withdrawal | 2.56 | (1.11-5.89) | 2.40 | (1.04-5.57) |
 No | 1.00 |  | 1.00 |  |
Age | ||||
 19 ~ 24 | 1.00 |  | 1.00 |  |
 25 ~ 29 | 1.54 | (1.05-2.26) | 0.82 | (0.59-1.13) |
 30 ~ 34 | 1.37 | (0.92-2.03) | 0.82 | (0.58-1.15) |
 35 ~ 39 | 1.34 | (0.90-2.00) | 0.89 | (0.63-1.25) |
Education | ||||
 Middle school or below | 4.51 | (1.65-12.37) | 5.32 | (1.61-17.55) |
 High school | 1.25 | (0.96-1.64) | 1.41 | (1.09-1.81) |
 College and above | 1.00 |  | 1.00 |  |
Socioeconomic level | ||||
 Low | 0.63 | (0.46-0.85) | 0.78 | (0.58-1.06) |
 Middle | 0.73 | (0.56-0.96) | 0.83 | (0.63-1.08) |
 High | 1.00 |  | 1.00 |  |
 No answer | 1.05 | (0.46-2.41) | 1.49 | (0.71-3.12) |
Health Condition | ||||
 Bad | 2.52 | (1.85-3.43) | 2.14 | (1.62-2.82) |
 Average | 1.11 | (0.89-1.39) | 0.92 | (0.74-1.14) |
 Good | 1.00 |  | 1.00 |  |
Residential status | ||||
 Homeownership | 1.00 |  | 1.00 |  |
 Rental | 1.39 | (1.13-1.71) | 1.07 | (0.87-1.32) |
live alone | ||||
 Yes | 1.01 | (0.79-1.30) | 1.07 | (0.84-1.36) |
 No | 1.00 |  | 1.00 |  |
Outdoor activity | ||||
 Often | 1.00 |  | 1.00 |  |
 Sometimes | 0.97 | (0.69-1.35) | 1.40 | (1.05-1.86) |
 Never | 2.21 | (1.25-3.91) | 1.62 | (0.91-2.88) |
Internet activity | ||||
 Yes | 1.00 |  | 1.00 |  |
 No | 1.49 | (1.22-1.83) | 1.23 | (1.01-1.48) |
Previous Experience of isolation or withdrawal | ||||
 Yes | 1.82 | (1.45-2.30) | 1.59 | (1.26-2.00) |
 No | 1.00 |  | 1.00 |  |
Negative experiences before adulthood | ||||
 Yes | 2.98 | (2.17-4.08) | 3.23 | (2.30-4.53) |
 No | 1.00 |  | 1.00 |  |
Negative experiences in adulthood | ||||
 Yes | 2.61 | (1.87-3.63) | 2.61 | (1.83-3.71) |
 No | 1.00 |  | 1.00 |  |
Use of psychiatric medication | ||||
 Yes | 1.00 |  | 1.00 |  |
 No | 0.15 | (0.11-0.21) | 0.28 | (0.21-0.38) |