Heart rate variability and heart rate asymmetry in adolescents with major depressive disorder during nocturnal sleep period

Table 2 Comparison between the patient group and control group

	MDD group (n = 78)	Control group (n = 76)	Cohen’s d (95% CI)	P-value
RR mean (ms)	912.552 ± 115.765	928.028 ± 123.060	–0.13 (–0.45 ∼ 0.19)	0.311
SDNN (ms)	58.664 ± 35.492	62.661 ± 30.993	–0.12 (–0.44 ∼ 0.20)	0.286
RMSSD (ms)	50.439 ± 36.767	56.001 ± 28.405	–0.17 (–0.49 ∼ 0.15)	0.023
PNN50 (%)	12.065 ± 10.333	17.815 ± 8.878	–0.60 (–0.92 ~ − 0.27)	< 0.001
HF (log)	5.015 ± 0.432	5.281 ± 0.335	–0.69 (–1.01 ~ − 0.36)	< 0.001
LF (log)	4.385 ± 0.389	4.589 ± 0.236	–0.63 (–0.96 ~ − 0.31)	< 0.001
TP (log)	5.198 ± 0.385	5.439 ± 0.279	-0.72 (-1.04 ~ -0.39)	< 0.001
LF/HF	0.876 ± 0.053	0.871 ± 0.043	0.10 (–0.21 ∼ 0.42)	0.640
C1_d	0.487 ± 0.026	0.521 ± 0.023	–1.38 (–1.74 ~ -1.03)	< 0.001
C2_d	0.494 ± 0.018	0.476 ± 0.014	1.11 (0.77 ∼ 1.45)	< 0.001

MDD, major depressive disorder; CI, confidence intervals; RR mean, the mean value of RR intervals; SDNN, standard deviation of RR intervals; RMSSD, root mean square of successive differences; PNN50, percentage of the number of successive heartbeats differing > 50 ms; HF, high frequency power; LF, low frequency power; TP, total power; LF/HF, ratio of low frequency to high frequency; C1_d, contributions of heart rate decelerations to short-term heart rate variability; C2_d, contributions of heart rate decelerations to long-term heart rate variability. Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation

ISSN: 1471-244X