Table 2 The relationships between the events that the participants experienced before, during and after the earthquakes and the development of PTSD
Variables | Overall Sample (%) | PTSD, no (%) | PTSD, yes (%) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Previous psychiatric disorder | ||||
No | 83 | 75.0 | 25.0 | < 0.001 |
Yes | 17 | 51.5 | 48.5 | |
Familial history of psychiatric disorder | ||||
No | 88 | 72.3 | 27.3 | 0.058a |
Yes | 12 | 58.3 | 41.7 | |
Trapped under rubble | ||||
No | 88.8 | 72.4 | 27.6 | 0.121a |
Yes | 11.3 | 60 | 40 | |
Physical injuries | ||||
No | 69.8 | 75.3 | 24.7 | 0.004 |
Yes | 30.3 | 61.2 | 38.8 | |
Waiting for relatives to be rescued from the rubble | ||||
No | 50.3 | 77.6 | 22.4 | 0.003 |
Yes | 49.8 | 64.3 | 35.7 | |
Participated in rescue efforts | ||||
No | 82.3 | 70.5 | 29.5 | 0.753a |
Yes | 17.8 | 73.2 | 26.8 | |
Damage to the house | ||||
Destroyed in major and aftershock earthquakes | 25.8 | 63.1 | 36.9 | 0.040 |
Not destroyed (heavily, moderately or slightly damaged or undamaged) | 74.3 | 73.7 | 26.3 | |
Lost a member of the family | ||||
No | 88 | 73.6 | 26.4 | 0.004a |
Yes | 12 | 52.1 | 47.9 | |
Lost relatives | ||||
No | 23 | 73.0 | 27.0 | 0.933 |
Yes | 77 | 71.1 | 28.9 | |
Lost a close friend | ||||
No | 32.5 | 80.0 | 20.0 | 0.006 |
Yes | 67.5 | 66.7 | 33.3 | |
Place of residence after the earthquakes | ||||
Always lived in Hatay | 28.5 | 74.6 | 25.4 | 0.322 |
Lived outside Hatay for a while | 71.5 | 69.6 | 30.4 | |
Loss of income | ||||
No | 15.5 | 85.5 | 14.5 | 0.010a |
Yes | 84.5 | 68.3 | 31.7 | |
Psychiatric disorder after the earthquakes | ||||
No | 90.8 | 73.3 | 26.7 | 0.003a |
Yes | 9.3 | 48.6 | 51.4 | |
Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | p-value | |
Fear level (between 0 and 10) | 7.2 ± 2.9 | 6.8 ± 2.9 | 8.1 ± 2.5 | < 0.001b |
Total PCL-5 score | 36.3 ± 15.9 | 28.5 ± 11.1 | 55.4 ± 16.9 | < 0.001b |
Total BDI score | 15.2 ± 9.9 | 11.7 ± 7.5 | 23.7 ± 9.8 | < 0.001b |