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Table 1 Characteristics of study sample (NHANES 2007–2018)

From: The interplay between depressive symptoms, body mass index change patterns in adulthood, and all-cause mortality risk: a population-based study

 

All

Non-overweight

Moderate increase

High increase

Mixed

P

 

N = 10,448

N = 2526

N = 2746

N = 3688

N = 1488

 

Gender

     

< 0.001

Male

5253 (47.7%)

1139 (38.4%)

1436 (49.0%)

1689 (46.2%)

989 (66.1%)

 

Female

5195 (52.3%)

1387 (61.6%)

1310 (51.0%)

1999 (53.9%)

499 (33.9%)

 

Age

62.96 (9.17)

63.82 (9.62)

63.78 (9.30)

61.79 (8.44)

62.78 (9.51)

<0.001

Race/ethnicity

     

0.003

Mexican American

2656 (15.3%)

555 (13.4%)

690 (15.3%)

994 (16.1%)

417 (16.6%)

 

Other Hispanic

5280 (61.2%)

1399 (65.8%)

1412 (61.5%)

1768 (58.2%)

701 (59.7%)

 

Non-Hispanic White

2512 (23.5%)

572 (20.8%)

644 (23.1%)

926 (25.6%)

370 (23.8%)

 

Non-Hispanic Black

     

< 0.001

Other Race - Including Multi-Racial

1212 (4.1%)

156 (2.1%)

348 (4.3%)

522 (5.2%)

186 (4.3%)

 

Education level

1005 (3.2%)

214 (2.7%)

292 (3.6%)

371 (3.4%)

128 (3.0%)

 

< High school

5182 (78.3%)

1363 (80.9%)

1394 (79.0%)

1682 (76.0%)

743 (77.9%)

 

> High school

2252 (9.2%)

430 (6.7%)

520 (8.2%)

989 (12.1%)

313 (8.6%)

 

High school/general educational development

797 (5.2%)

363 (7.6%)

192 (4.9%)

124 (3.3%)

118 (6.1%)

 

Poverty index

     

0.021

Extremely poor

2719 (15.3%)

621 (14.0%)

641 (13.9%)

1009 (16.5%)

448 (17.4%)

 

Rich

3450 (48.2%)

908 (51.1%)

931 (48.9%)

1156 (46.0%)

455 (47.0%)

 

Wealthy

4279 (36.5%)

997 (34.9%)

1174 (37.3%)

1523 (37.5%)

585 (35.6%)

 

Alcohol consumption

     

0.001

Yes

7245 (75.2%)

1738 (75.7%)

1957 (77.4%)

2472 (72.3%)

1078 (77.5%)

 

No

3203 (24.8%)

788 (24.3%)

789 (22.6%)

1216 (27.7%)

410 (22.5%)

 

Smoking

     

< 0.001

< 100 cigarettes in life

5012 (48.8%)

1247 (49.9%)

1321 (48.7%)

1774 (48.1%)

670 (48.6%)

 

Current smokers

1762 (15.9%)

507 (19.6%)

420 (14.4%)

496 (12.4%)

339 (20.2%)

 

Former smokers

3674 (35.4%)

772 (30.5%)

1005 (36.8%)

1418 (39.5%)

479 (31.3%)

 

Physical activity

     

< 0.001

Active

2465 (27.6%)

730 (35.2%)

684 (28.6%)

664 (19.9%)

387 (31.3%)

 

Inactive

7983 (72.4%)

1796 (64.8%)

2062 (71.4%)

3024 (80.1%)

1101 (68.7%)

 

Diabetes

     

< 0.001

Yes

7770 (79.9%)

2220 (92.1%)

2183 (85.8%)

2249 (66.5%)

1118 (80.1%)

 

No

2678 (20.1%)

306 (7.9%)

563 (14.2%)

1439 (33.5%)

370 (19.9%)

 

Hypertension

     

< 0.001

Yes

5833 (51.0%)

1083 (36.7%)

1489 (49.3%)

2471 (63.8%)

790 (48.6%)

 

No

4615 (49.0%)

1443 (63.3%)

1257 (50.7%)

1217 (36.2%)

698 (51.4%)

 

Stroke

     

0.298

Yes

680 (5.1%)

155 (4.9%)

160 (4.5%)

244 (5.2%)

121 (6.2%)

 

No

9768 (94.9%)

2371 (95.1%)

2586 (95.5%)

3444 (94.8%)

1367 (93.8%)

 

PHQ-9

2.97 (4.10)

2.54 (3.68)

2.65 (3.80)

3.56 (4.50)

2.88 (4.16)

< 0.001

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BMC Psychiatry

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