Table 3 A full summary of the data on the nature of non-medical prescribers for patients with mental illness
From: Exploring non-medical prescribing for patients with mental illness: a scoping review
The nature of non-medical prescribers for patients with mental illness | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
Nurse NMP | ||||
Country | Medication/s reported | Service/s provided | Psychiatric diagnoses | Model of prescribing |
UK | Anti-cholinesterase [60] Anxiolytics [25] Hypnotics [25, 66]/ benzodiazepine [66] Methadone (other opiate) [25] Mood stabilizers [25] Anti-dementia [67] | Community Mental Health Team [36]; Assertive Outreach [36, 43], Crisis Intervention Team / Home Treatment [36, 43], Early Intervention [21, 43] Older people Service [25, 36, 43] Perinatal service [43] Substance misuse service [25, 36, 43] Continuing community care [69] Child and adolescent mental health service [46, 87] A neuropsychiatry services [69] | Psychosis [21] Depression [58] Anxiety [58] Schizophrenia [58] Cognitive impairments [60] Dementia [67] | |
USA | Antidepressants [34, 45, 71, 72]: SSRIs [55], SNRIs [56] Mood stabilizers [45, 70]: lithium [71, 72] Anti-psychotics [45, 71, 72, 80] CNS stimulants [45, 56]: Controlled and non-controlled substances for ADHD [54], medications for ADHD [70,71,72], LA and SA stimulants [73] Sedatives & hypnotics [45, 70,71,72] Anti- cholinesterase: Donepezil, galantamine, rivastigmine, memantine, combination donepezil and memantine [61] Medication for PSTD, schizophrenia, SUD, mania [70] Psychotropic medications [77] | Outpatient and psychotherapy service [39] Crisis Intervention Team [41] Child and adolescent psychotherapy/ psychiatry [41, 53, 72] Individual/family psychotherapy [41] Prescribing medication management [41] Diagnostic evaluation [41] Psychoeducation [41] Case management [41] Consultation or liaison [41] Behaviour health service [45] Assertive Outreach [68] Service for nursing home residents [85] | Disruptive behaviour disorder [34] Anxiety [34, 39, 55, 70,71,72] Depression [39, 55, 70,71,72, 85]/MDD [45] Psychosis [39] AUD [39] ASD [39] Trauma [41] Eating disorder [70] Bereavement/grief [41] Personality disorder [41, 70, 85] Neurocognitive disorder [41] Difficulty coping with psychological distress [55] Alzheimer disease [61, 70], ADRD [85] Dementia [70] Mania [70] PSTD [70] Drug use disorder [85] | |
Australia | Antidepressants [75] Benzodiazepines [75] | The Crisis, Assessment and Treatment Service [78] Perinatal mental health service [51] | Adjustment disorder [51] Substance misuse [51] Mild mental retardation [51] | |
Singapore | NS | NS | Schizophrenia/depression/bipolar disorder/ anxiety [79] | SP [79] |
Ethiopia | NS | NS | Common psychiatric disorders [74] | SP [74] |
Pharmacist NMPs | ||||
Country | Medication/s reported | Service/s provided | Psychiatric diagnoses | Model of prescribing |
UK | Antidepressants: sertraline, fluoxetine, mirtazapine, citalopram, duloxetine [38] Benzodiazepines: Zopiclone, diazepam [38] ADHD medications [62] Z-drugs (zopiclone, zolpidem and zaleplon) [84] | Community team learning disability service [48] Child and adolescent mental health services [62] | Mixed depression and anxiety [38] Anxiety [38] Low mood related to bereavement [38] Emotionally unstable personality disorder [38] PSTD [38] Bipolar disorder [26] Psychosis [26] Learning disability and behaviours disorder [48] ADHD [62] Acute insomnia [84] | SP [48] |
US | Antidepressants [81]: mirtazapine, fluoxetine, amitriptyline, citalopram [40] Anti-psychotics [81, 83]: quetiapine [88, 91], ziprasidone [40] Psychotropic medication [63, 83, 89] CNS stimulants [81]: amphetamine and amphetamine-like stimulants [10], Z-drugs [81] Antianxiety [81] Meds for EPS [81] Mood stablisers [81] Other sleep aids [81] Clozapine [86] | Psychiatric emergency services (PES) [81] The Veterans Integrated Services Network [82] Home Treatment [83] Clozapine clinic [86] | Major depressive disorder [40, 89] depressive disorder [81, 90], Unspecified depression [89], Major depressive disorder with psychosis [89] Schizo affective disorder [40, 89] ETOH/substance abuse /dependence [40] Alcohol use [82, 89], Nicotine use [82], Cannabis use [82] Bipolar disorder [40, 81, 82, 90], Bipolar I [89], Bipolar II [89], Bipolar with psychosis [89] Treatment resistant schizophrenia [86] Obsessive- compulsive disorder [40, 89] Generalized anxiety [40] Anxiety disorder [81, 82, 90], Generalized anxiety disorder [89] Eating disorder [81] Personality disorder [81] Psychotic disorder [81], Psychosis not otherwise specified [89] Sleep disorder [81], Insomnia [82] Dementia with behavioural disturbance [83] Unspecified mood disorder [89] Intermittent explosive [89] | |
Both NMPs | ||||
Country | Medication/s reported | Service/s provided | Psychiatric diagnoses | Model of prescribing |
UK | Benzodiazepines [37] Anti-psychotics (atypical, typical) [50] Antidepressants [50] Hypnotics [50] Anxiolytics [50] Mood stabilizers: lithium, valproate [50] Stimulants [50] Medication for opiate dependency [50] Anti-dementia [50] | Forensic service [49] Child and adolescent mental health service [49, 50] Home Treatment [50] Early Intervention [50] Acute inpatient epilepsy psychiatric intensive care [49] Community team learning disability [49] Mental health service for old people Drug and Alcohol Team [50] General adult psychiatry [50] | Psychotic illness [50] Affective illness [50] Insomnia [50] Extra-pyramidal side effect [50] Anxiety disorder [50] | IP [37] SP [49] IP/SP [50] |