Table 4 A full summary of the data of the impact of non-medical prescribing for patients with mental illness
From: Exploring non-medical prescribing for patients with mental illness: a scoping review
The impact of non-medical prescribing | |||
|---|---|---|---|
Nurse NMPs | Pharmacists NMPs | Both NMPs (nurse, pharmacist) | |
On NMPs themselves | Increase insight into holistic care [23, 35, 59] NMP’s value increased when sought [21, 35] Increase the support from colleagues [35] Increase the ability to monitor SE [21]/medication [57] Increase looking up to interactions [65] Involve more in different activities (e.g., PGD) [66] Increase reviewing medication to reduce inappropriate prescribing and polypharmacy [23] Further enhance status of nursing [57] Increase the public’s awareness of nursing [57] Increase the ability to fulfil patients need [21] The level of confidence increased [21] (Feel more empowered [23, 57], and increase the prestige) [57] Intellectual stimulating [57] Level of knowledge increased [66] | More empowered [48] | Further enhance status of nursing [49] Increase the legitimateness [49] Increase the opportunities for nurses to lead a clinic and service [49] Workload increased [50] Increase the ability to monitor SE [49] Level of confidence/ job satisfaction increased [49] More knowledgeable [49] Receive more respect [49] |
On Patients with mental illness | Improve the therapeutic relationship [21, 23, 47, 60, 76] High satisfaction with the service and the treatment [58, 60, 69, 76, 78, 79, 87] Increase knowledge and education [21, 57, 59, 67, 78] The continuity of care increased [21, 35] Condition well managed: reduction each of depression, behaviour and psychiatric symptoms [51, 79], fast recovery [79], reduced the hospitalisation [75] NMPs more convenient: increased the accessibility [21, 53, 60, 64, 69, 76, 78], home-based treatment [47, 78] Provide holistic care [47, 52, 60, 77] Involve more in decision making process [21, 23, 47, 76, 87]: improve the adherence/concordance [21, 23, 47, 60, 79] Improved the communication [65, 77, 78] Reduction of waiting time [53, 60] Feeling less stress with nurse NMPs [21] No difference in each of (adherence/mental health/SE/ satisfaction with overall care) [58],no significant difference in each of (SDQ for ADHD, SDQ for CD, SDQ for ED), (satisfaction) and (side effect) [46] Less satisfaction level with nurse NMPs [68] Increased risk of hospitalisation [58] Lower hospitalization rates with NPs [85] Not fully satisfied (e.g., missing appointment notes and difficulties in getting new medications) [87] | The therapeutic relationship improved [38, 42] High satisfaction with the service and the treatment [40] Becoming more knowledgeable [42, 62] The follow up care improved [42] Condition well managed: reduced depression [63]/generalized anxiety symptoms [38], low number of failures [63] More convenient and increased the access [42, 63, 81, 82] Decision made in partnership [42, 48] Waiting time reduced [63] Improved the consultation [48, 62] Improved patients’ outcome (decreased total medications, reduced ACB Scale, decreased psychotropic medications) [83] Stopped inappropriate medications [83] reduced inappropriate medications [88] Reduction in antipsychotic continuation at hospital discharge (P < .001) [91] Reduction unnecessary antipsychotic use in the ICU once delirium resolved (P = .015) [91] No increase in length of stay at hospital [91] No statistically significant in reoccurrence of ICU delirium after antipsychotic discontinuation (P = .236) [91] No statistically significant differences in various patient outcomes (such as A1c, BMI, weight, cholesterol levels, blood pressure, medication use, and clozapine dose) [86] Patients preferred Psychiatrist (more appointment attended) [89] High medication adherence [89] Up-to-Date laboratory monitoring [89] | |
On other healthcare professionals | Increase the communication and collaboration [43, 44, 68, 77] Increase the multidisciplinary approach [43] Reduce doctor workload [44] Increase the team knowledge [69] Positive effect of the MHT’s skills [52] Increased the confident in staff to manage end of life related issues [75] | Improve the collaboration [48] MDT receive more support [48] Improve medication debate [48] Reduced the anxiety in workplace [62] (Gain Knowledge [90] and broader perspectives) [48] Increased confidence in psychotropic’s prescribing [90]. The work environment improved after having clinical pharmacist [90]. | The multi-professional functioning improved [49] |
On the healthcare system | Cost-effective service [53, 57, 77] Increased the capacity [53]: doubled [77] It improved the connection between each of SPC, GPs, RACFs [75] The delivery of healthcare was improved [64] | NS | NS |
Other (not specified) | The service was rated as excellent by medical collages [74] | NS | NS |